An investigation of unsuccessful performance and subsequent retake behavior in principles of economics

Using student transcript data from eight institutions over 23-years, we investigate enrollments in principles of microeconomics to determine characteristics successful and unsuccessful students. We follow students identify determinants retake decisions success (or lack thereof) for repeaters. Higher aptitude more senior are likely succeed microeconomic principles. Experience with macroeconomics principles, financial accounting, calculus also increases the likelihood success. Traditionally challenged groups (females underrepresented minorities) be unsuccessful. Unsuccessful who complete course (earning less than a C-) differ withdrawers. Academically stronger females URM withdraw unsuccessfully persist compared their white, male counterparts. Students backgrounds economics or accounting withdraw. Withdrawers on first attempt completers. but academically do so. Many success, completion, withdrawal remain significant predictors outcomes conclude policy suggestions.